Habka Soo saarista Barium

(1) Diyaarinta barium oxide 

Macdanta bariiska tayada sare leh waa in marka hore gacanta lagu doortaa oo la sabeeyaa, ka dibna birta iyo silikoon waa laga saaraa si loo helo xoog ka kooban in ka badan 96% barium sulfate. Budada macdanta ee cabirkeedu ka yar yahay 20 mesh waxa lagu qasi jiray dhuxusha ama budada kookaha batroolka ee miisaanka 4:1, waxaana lagu dubay 1100 ℃ foornada dib u celinta. Barium sulfate-ka waxaa lagu soo koobay barium sulfide (oo loo yaqaan "dambas madow"), iyo xalka barium sulfide ee la helay waxaa lagu daadiyaa biyo kulul. Si barium sulfide loogu beddelo roobka barium carbonate, sodium carbonate ama carbon dioxide waxa loo baahan yahay in lagu daro xal aqueous barium sulfide. Barium oxide waxaa lagu heli karaa in lagu qaso barium carbonate iyo budada kaarboon oo lagu xisaabiyo meel ka sareysa 800 ℃. Waa in la ogaadaa in barium oxide waa oksaydhized si ay u sameeyaan barium peroxide at 500-700 ℃, iyo barium peroxide waa la dumin karaa si ay u sameeyaan barium oxide at 700-800 ℃. Sidaa darteed, si looga fogaado soo saarista barium peroxide, badeecada calcined waxay u baahan tahay in la qaboojiyo ama la demiyo iyadoo la ilaalinayo gaaska aan shaqaynayn. 

(2) Habka dhimista aluminiumka si loo soo saaro barium bir ah 

Sababtoo ah maaddooyinka kala duwan, waxaa jira laba falcelin oo aluminium ah oo yareynaya barium oxide:

6BaO+2Al→3BaO•Al2O3+3Ba↑

Ama: 4BaO+2Al→BaO•Al2O3+3Ba↑

At 1000-1200 ℃, labadan falcelin waxay soo saaraan barium aad u yar, sidaas darteed bamka faakuumka ayaa loo baahan yahay si joogto ah loogu wareejiyo uumiga barium aagga falcelinta ilaa aagga uumiga si fal-celintu u sii socoto inay u sii socoto midigta. Hadhaaga falcelinta ka dib waa sun waxayna u baahan tahay in la daweeyo ka hor inta aan la tuurin.

Diyaarinta xeryahooda barium caadiga ah 

(1) Habka diyaarinta ee barium carbonate 

① Habka kaarboonaynta

Habka kaarboonaynta inta badan waxa ay ku lug leedahay in la isku qaso barite iyo dhuxusha qayb ka mid ah, iyada oo lagu burburinayo foorno wareeg ah oo la kariyo oo lagu dhimo 1100-1200 ℃ si loo helo dhalaalka barium sulfide. Kaarboon-dioxide waxaa lagu dhex geliyaa xalka barium sulfide ee carbonization, falcelintuna waa sida soo socota:

BaS+CO2+H2O=BaCO3+H2S

Soodhaha kaarboonaysiinta ee la helay waa la dhalaaliyay, la dhaqay oo faakuum la sifeeyay, ka dibna la qalajiyey oo la jajabiyey 300 ℃ si loo helo badeecad barium carbonate ah oo dhammaatay. Habkani waa mid sahlan habka iyo qiimaha hooseeya, sidaas darteed waxaa qaata inta badan soo saarayaasha.

② Habka labalaabi karo

Barium sulfide iyo ammonium carbonate waxay maraan falcelin labalaab ah, falcelintuna waa sida soo socota:

BaS+(NH4)2CO3=BaCO3+(NH4)2S

Ama barium chloride waxay la falgashaa carbonate potassium, falcelintuna waa sida soo socota:

BaCl2+K2CO3=BaCO3+2KCl

Alaabta laga helay falcelinta ayaa markaa la dhaqaa, la sifeeyaa, la qalajiyaa, iwm. si loo helo badeecada barium carbonate dhamaystiran.

③ Habka kaarboonaysiinta ee Barium

Budada carbonate Barium waxa lagu falceliyaa cusbo ammonium si ay u abuurto milix barium milmay, iyo ammonium carbonate dib ayaa loo warshadeeyay. Cusbada barium milmaya ayaa lagu daraa ammonium carbonate si ay u soo dedejiso barium carbonate la safeeyey, kaas oo la sifeeyey oo la qalajiyey si loo sameeyo alaabta la dhammeeyey. Intaa waxaa dheer, khamriga hooyada la helay dib ayaa loo warshadayn karaa. Falcelintu waa sida soo socota:

BaCO3+2HCl=BaCl2+H2O+CO2

BaCl2+2NH4OH=Ba(OH)2+2NH4Cl

Ba(OH)2+CO2=BaCO3+H2O 

(2) Habka diyaarinta ee barium titanate 

① Habka wejiga adag

Barium titanate waxaa lagu heli karaa calcining barium carbonate iyo titanium dioxide, iyo wax kasta oo kale ayaa lagu shubi karaa iyada. Falcelintu waa sida soo socota:

TiO2 + BaCO3 = BaTiO3 + CO2↑

② Habka isu-ururinta

Barium chloride iyo titanium tetrachloride waa la isku daraa oo la milmaan si isku mid ah, kuleyl ilaa 70 ° C, ka dibna oxalic acid ayaa lagu daraa si tartiib ah si loo helo barium titanyl oxalate. Falcelintu waa sida soo socota:

BaCl2 + TiCl4 + 2H2C2O4 + 5H2O = BaTiO(C2O4)2•4H2O↓ + 6HCl

BaTiO(C2O4)2•4H2O = BaTiO3 + 2CO2↑ + 2CO↑ + 4H2O

Ka dib marka la garaaco metatitanic acid, xal barium chloride ah ayaa lagu daraa, ka dibna ammonium carbonate waxaa lagu daraa walaaqaya si ay u abuurto isku-darka barium carbonate iyo metatitanic acid, kaas oo la calcined si loo helo alaabta. Falcelintu waa sida soo socota:

BaCl2 + (NH4)2CO3 = BaCO3 + 2NH4Cl

H2TiO3 + BaCO3 = BaTiO3 + CO2↑ + H2O 

(3) Diyaarinta barium chloride 

Habka wax soo saarka ee barium chloride inta badan waxaa ku jira habka hydrochloric acid, habka barium carbonate, habka calcium chloride iyo habka magnesium chloride iyadoo loo eegayo hababka kala duwan ama alaabta ceeriin.

① Habka Hydrochloric acid. Marka barium sulfide lagu daaweeyo hydrochloric acid, falcelinta ugu weyn waa:

BaS+2HCI=BaCl2+H2S↑+Q