TeoolomWaxay ka tirsan tahay nooca dhulka culus ee culus, oo leh tiro badan oo ku yaal qolofka dhulka oo keliya 1.1 ppm.Terbium okideXisaabaadka wax ka yar 0.01% oo ah wadarta guud ee dhulka dhif ah. Xitaa ee ku jirta nooca yohttrium yoon ee sareeyaDhulka dhif ah, taas oo muujineysa inay iska leedahay qaybta "sharafta" eeDhulka dhif ahwalxaha. In ka badan 100 sano tan iyo markii la helay Terbium ee 1843, yaraanta iyo qiimaheeda ayaa ka horjoogsaday codsigiisa wax ku oolka ah muddo dheer. Waa uun 30-kii sano ee la soo dhaafay taasteoolomwaxay muujisay kartideeda u gaarka ah.
Soo saarista taariikhda
Farmashish Iswidish Carl Gustaf Moduran ayaa helay Terbium sanadkii 1843. Wuxuu helay nijaaskiisaytrium okideiyoY2O3. YtriumWaxaa lagu magacaabaa tuulada ka dib ITBY ee dalka Iswiidan. Kahor soo bixitaanka tikniyoolajiyada Exchange ee ION, Terbium kama go'doonsan qaabkiisa saafiga ah.
Mossonder ayaa ugu horreeyayytrium okideSaddex qaybood, oo dhammaantood lagu magacaabay ORES:ytrium okide, erbium okide, iyoterbium okide. Terbium okideAsal ahaan wuxuu ka kooban yahay qayb casaan ah, sababtuna tahay arintaas oo loo yaqaanerrium. Erbium okide(oo ay kujirto waxa aan hadda ugu yeerno Terbium) asal ahaan qayb aan midab lahayn oo xalka ah. Oxide-ka aan caadiga ahayn ee sheygan waxaa loo arkaa brown.
Shaqaalaha dambe waxay ku adkaatay inay dhawraan midab la'aan "erbium okide", Laakiin qaybta casaanka ee mideynta aan la iska indhatiri karin. Doodda ka jirta jiritaankaerbium okidesi isdaba joog ah ayaa loo soo baxay. Xaajidka, magaca asalka ah ayaa dib loo noqday oo magacyada magacyada ayaa ku dhegan, sidaa darteed qaybta casaanka ah ayaa ugu dambeyntii lagu xusay xalka ay ku jiraan eryium (xalka, waxay ahayd casaan). Waxaa hadda la rumeysan yahay in shaqaaluhu u adeegsado sodium disulfide ama sulsate sulliya si ay uga saaraan dioxium dioxideytrium okidesi ula kac ah u rogateoolomgalay gybium ay ka kooban yihiin roobab. Hadda loo yaqaan 'teoolom', kaliya qiyaastii 1% asalka ahytrium okidewaa joogaa, laakiin tani waxay ku filan tahay in la gudbiyo midab huruud ah oo fududytrium okide. Sidaa darteed,teoolomwaa qayb sare oo ah in markii hore ay kujirto, waxaana xakameeya deriskeeda dhow,dhaqdhaqaaqeexaiyo'Dysprosium.
Ka dib, markasta oo kaleDhulka dhif ahWaxyaabahan ayaa laga soocay isku dar ah, iyadoon loo eegayn saamiga oxida, magaca Terbium waxaa la hayey ilaa ugu dambeyntii, bunni oxide-kateoolomwaxaa lagu helay qaab saafi ah. Baarayaasha qarnigii 19aad ma aysan isticmaalin tikniyoolajiyadda iftiinka ee 'ultraviolet' si ay u aragto dhalaalaya dhalaalaya ama cagaar (iii), taasoo u sahlaysa Terbium in lagu aqoonsado isku-darka adag ama xalka.
Qaab-dhismeedka elektaroonigga ah
Qaabeynta elektiroonigga ah:
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3s2 3D2 3D10 4P6 5S2 5S2 3D10 5S2 6S2 4F9 4F9 4F9
Qaabka elektaroonigga ah eeteoolomwaa [XE] 6S24F9. Caadi ahaan, sedex elektron ayaa laga saari karaa ka hor inta aan si weyn u noqon laheyd in si weyn loo sii wado in la sii wado. Si kastaba ha noqotee, kiiskateoolom, semi-finankateoolomWaxay u oggolaaneysaa ionition dheeraad ah ee elektroonka afraad ee elektiroonigga ah ee joonyad aad u xoog badan sida gaaska foriyorka ah.
Bir
TeoolomWaa lacag caddaan ah oo caddaan ah oo ciid ah oo birta ah oo leh buluug, adag, iyo jilicsanaan oo lagu jaro mindi. Meel yar oo dhalaalaya 1360 ℃, karkaraya Point 3123 ℃, cufnaanta 8229 4kg / m3. Marka la barbar dhigo walxaha hore ee Lanthanide, waa mid deggan hawada. Qaybta sagaalaad ee walxaha Lanthanide, Terbium, waa bir bir aad u sareeya oo ka falceliya biyaha si loo sameeyo gaas hydrogen ah.
Dabeecadda,teoolomWeligeed lama helin inay tahay wax bilaash ah, oo ay ku jiraan qaddar yar oo ku jira ciidda fosfooraska ah iyo silicon bberrium yortrium ore.TeoolomCoxites-ka leh qaybo kale oo dhulka ah oo ku nool ciidda reer Monazit, oo guud ahaan 0.03% Terbium-ka Terbium. Meelaha kale waxaa ka mid ah fosfoofka ytrium-ka oo dhif iyo naadir dahab ah oo dahab ah, kuwaas oo labaduba isku dhafan ee oslee-ga leh ilaa 1% terbium.
Isticmaal
CodsigateoolomBadanaa waxay ku lug leedahay beero-farsamo oo sareeya, oo ah cilmiga farsamada gacanta iyo aqoonta dhimirka ee joogtada ah ee goynta-goynta-goynta ah, iyo sidoo kale mashaariicda la taaban karo manfacyada dhaqaale ee la taaban karo, oo leh rajo soo jiidasho leh.
Aagagga arjiga ugu weyn waxaa ka mid ah:
(1) Waxaa loo adeegsaday qaabka dhulka dhif ah oo isku dhafan. Tusaale ahaan, waxaa loo istcimaalaa inuu yahay bacrimin isku mid ah oo ah bacriminta xarunta dhulka oo naadir ah kuna quudiso wax lagu daro beeraha.
(2) u-hawl-qaade loogu talagalay budada cagaaran saddex budolorescent-ka ee aasaasiga ah. Qalabka casriga ah ee loo yaqaan 'opopoelctonic' Iyoteoolomwaa qayb lagama maarmaan ah oo ku saabsan bubo badan oo cagaaran oo cagaaran oo tayo leh.
(3) Waxaa loo adeegsaday maadada keydka indhaha ee magneto. Amorphous birta Terbium-ka xarkaha ee birta ah ee loo yaqaan 'alloy'
(4) Soosaarista Magto-opreto galaas indhaha ah. Muraayadaha xiisadaha xiisaha leh ee xiisaha leh ee xiisaha leh oo ay ku jiraan Terbium waa qalab muhiim ah oo loogu talagalay waxsoosaarka, ilowyo, iyo wareegga tikniyoolajiyadda laser.
(5) Horumarinta iyo horumarka Terbium Dyspromagnetnet Moningnetnet Loctoly (Terfenol) ayaa u furay codsiyo cusub oo loogu talagalay Terbium.
Loogu talagalay beeraha iyo xoolaha
Dhulka dhif ahteoolomhagaajin kartaa tayada dalaga oo kordhin kara sicirka sawir-qaadidda ee dhex-dhexaadinta qaarkood. Xeebaha 'Terbium' ee Terbium waxay leeyihiin nashaad bayooloji ah, iyo isku dhafan isku xirnaanteoolom, TB (ALA) 3Menim (Clo4) 3-3h2o, waxay leeyihiin bakteeriyada bakteeriyada bakteeriyada iyo bakteerus Suustralis, iyo Ceelchilia Suttilis, oo leh guryo bakteeriyada bakteeriyada bakteeriyada bakteeriyada bakteeriyada bakteeriyada ee bakteeriyada. Daraasadda dhismahaas waxay bixisaa jiho cusub oo cilmi baaris loogu sameeyo dawooyinka bakteeriyada casriga ah.
Loo adeegsaday garoonka luminance
Qalabka casriga ah ee loo yaqaan 'opopoelctonic' Iyo Terbium waa qayb lagama maarmaan ah oo ku saabsan bubo badan oo cagaaran oo cagaaran oo tayo leh. Haddii dhalashada naadirku dhif ah oo ah budada iftiinka casaanka ee 'TV'ytriumiyoeuperver, ka dib codsiga iyo horumarka Terbium waxaa kor u qaaday dhul dhif ah seddex shukumaan cagaaran oo cagaaran oo midab leh oo loogu talagalay laambada. Horraantii 1980-yadii, Philips wuxuu hindisay laamihii ugu horreeyay ee keydinta tamarta ee keydinta tamarta ee dunida oo si dhakhso leh u dallacsiiyay adduunka. TB3 + ionku wuxuu ku soo celin karaa nalka cagaaran oo leh mawjad ka mid ah 545nm, oo ku dhawaad dhammaan xayawaanka cagaaran ee cagaaran ee dhulka lagu isticmaaloteoolom, u hawl-qabad.
Budada dhalaalaya ee cagaaran ee loo isticmaalo tuubooyinka tuubbada tuubbada ah ee TV-ga Iyada oo la horumariyo telefishanka Sare ee Shaashadda Sare ee Sare ee Qeexitaanka (HDTV), Awoodaha Fluorescent Fluorescent ee Sare ee CRTS sidoo kale waa la horumarinayaa. For example, a hybrid green fluorescent powder has been developed abroad, consisting of Y3 (Al, Ga) 5O12: Tb3+, LaOCl: Tb3+, and Y2SiO5: Tb3+, which have excellent luminescence efficiency at high current density.
Budada raajada ee raajada dhaqameed waa kalsiyum tungstate. Sannadihii 1970-yadii iyo 1980-yadii, budada ilkaha ee dhulka ku dhif ah ee xasaasiyadda shaashadda ayaa la soo saaray, sidateoolom, Firfircoonaanta Lanthanum Sulfide-ka oxide, Terbium wuxuu shaqeysiiyey Lanthanum brominde oxide (oo loogu talagalay shaashadda cagaaran), iyo terbium sulrium sulfide sulfide sulfide sulfide sulfide. Marka la barbar dhigo kaalshiyamka Kalsium Thunder, oo ah budada dabka ee dhulka ah waxay yareyn kartaa waqtiga irbad-haynta raajada ee bukaanka 80%, waxay kor u qaadeysaa xalka filimada raajada, oo ku fidsan nolosha tuubooyinka raajada, iyo yareynta tamarta raajada. Terbium sidoo kale waxaa loo isticmaalaa sida u shaqeeya budada ah ee loo yaqaan 'ifaft' oo loogu talagalay shaashadda raajada ee raajada ee raajada, kaasoo si weyn u hagaajin kara dareenka raajada ee sawirrada indhaha, oo si weyn u yareeya qaddarka foomamka ee raajada jirka bini-aadamka (in ka badan 50%).
TeoolomWaxaa sidoo kale loo istcimaalaa u-hawl-qaade ah mid ka mid ah fosfoor-ka cad ee loo yaqaan 'sendphor' ee iftiinka buluugga ah ee nalka cusub ee nalka semiconductor cusub. Waxaa loo isticmaali karaa in lagu soo saaro Terbium Aluminium aluminium phosphils-ka crystal ee crystal, iyadoo la adeegsanayo dinadaha nalka buluugga ah ee ilaha iftiinka ee '' 'Ilo iftiinka iftiinka, iyo fallaaraha dhalaalaysa ayaa lagu qasay iftiinka caloosha ee saafiga ah si loo soo saaro iftiin cad oo nadiif ah
Qalabka elektaroonigga ah ee laga sameeyay terbium inta badan waxaa ka mid ah budada ifacadda sizinc sult sullescentteoolomsida ushaqaynta. Hawo-haynta ultraviolet, isku-dhafka dabiiciga ah ee terbium-ka ayaa soo kici kara ifafaynta cagaaran ee adag waxaana loo isticmaali karaa sidii qalab filim oo dhuuban. In kasta oo horumar la taaban karo laga sameeyay daraasaddaDhulka dhif ahFilimaanta khafiifka ah ee khafiifka ah ee elektroluminescent, wali waxaa jira farqi gaar ah oo ka timid wax ku oolnimada, iyo cilmi-baaris ku saabsan dhulka dhif ah oo ku saabsan filimyada khafiifka ah ee korantada ee korantada iyo aaladaha ayaa wali qotodheer.
Astaamaha 'Fluorescence' ee Terbium sidoo kale waxaa loo isticmaalaa sida baaritaanka ifaya. Is dhexgalka u dhexeeya EraxAsin Terbium (TB3 +) ee loo yaqaan 'Deox3 +)' iyo Deoxyrribonucleic acid (DNA) ayaa lagu soo bartay iyadoo la adeegsanayo ifafaale iyo nabarro nabarro ah oo ah ifafacation of ofloxacin terbium (TB3 +). Natiijooyinka ayaa muujinaya in Thexexacin TB3 + Baadhitaanku uu sameyn karo jeexdin oo leh molacules DNA, iyo deoxyribonucleic-ka ayaa si weyn kor ugu qaadi kara ifilada athoxacin tb3 +. Iyada oo ku saleysan isbedelkan, deoxyribonucleic waa la go'aamin karaa.
Loogu talagalay magnet-ka magneto
Qalabka leh saameynta Fayadwarka, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan agabyada magneto-opreto, ayaa si weyn loogu isticmaalaa lasers iyo aalado kale oo indhaha ah. Waxaa jira laba nooc oo caan ah oo ah agabyada indhaha ee magneto: critals-ka indhaha ee magneto iyo galaaska indhaha ee magneto. Waxaa ka mid ah, kiristaan magneto-your (sida ytrium bir ah iyo terbium Gallium Garnet) leeyihiin faa'iidooyinka soo noqnoqoshada hawlgalka la isku habeyn karo iyo xasilloonida kuleylka sare, laakiin waa dhib badan yihiin soosaarista. Intaas waxaa sii dheer, in badan oo kirismooyin ay magneto-vitate-vitation ah oo leh xagal aad u sareeya ayaa ka nuugista tirada gaaban ee mawjadaha gaagaaban, oo xadidaya isticmaalkooda. Marka la barbardhigo kiridka indhaha ee magneto, dhalada indhaha ee magneto waxay leedahay faa iido badan oo ku saabsan maleega sare, waana fududahay in lagu sameeyo baloogyo waaweyn ama fiber. Waqtigan xaadirka ah, muraayadaha indhaha ee magneto ee leh saameynta xad-dhaafka ah ee xasaasiyadeed badanaa waa muraayadaha indhaha ee dhulka dusheeda.
Loo adeegsaday qalabka kaydinta indhaha ee magneto
Sanadihii la soo dhaafay, oo ay weheliso deg deg ah ee isdhaafsiga xafiiska warbaahinta badan iyo option-ka, baahida loo qabo diskooga cusub ee magnetic-ka-sare ayaa kordhay. Amorphous birta Terbium-ka xarkaha ee birta ah ee loo yaqaan 'alloy' Iyaga dhexdooda, filimka TBFECO ee TBFECO ayaa leh waxqabadka ugu fiican. Agabyada 'Terbium' ee ku saleysan Magnet-ka ee ku saleysan cudurka magneto-oberto waxaa loo soo saaray cabir ballaaran, iyo disks magneto-opatho-ka laga sameeyay iyaga waxaa loo istcimaalaa sida qaybaha wax lagu keydiyo kombiyuutarka, iyada oo awoodda kaydinta ay kordhay 10-15 jeer. Waxay leeyihiin faa'iidooyinka awooda weyn iyo xawaaraha si dhakhso leh, waana la tirtiri karaa oo qasan ku dahaadhkan kumanaan jeer markii loo isticmaalay disks-ka-dhaxalka indhaha ee cufnaanta sare. Iyagu waa agab muhiim ah oo ku saabsan tikniyoolajiyadda kaydinta macluumaadka elektaroonigga ah. Waxyaabaha ugu badan ee loo yaqaan 'magneto-opato-opato' ee xargaha muuqda ee muuqata iyo soo dhoweynta waa Terbium Gasnet
Geeraha indhaha ee magneto
Muraayadaha indhaha ee xiisaha magneto waxaa ku yaal daahfurnaan wanaagsan iyo asitorropy gobollada muuqata iyo xaafadaha, waxayna sameyn karaan qaabab kala duwan oo isku dhafan. Way fududahay in la soo saaro wax soo saarka oo yar-yar waxaana loo soo qaadan karaa fiilo indhaha ah. Sidaa darteed, waxay leedahay rajo ballaaran oo ah aaladaha indhaha ee magneto sida igaagta indhaha ee magneto, modemus opteto opaticators, iyo dareeraha fiber-ka ee optic optic-ga hadda. Waqtigiisa ugu weyn ee magnetic-ka ah iyo ka-hortagga yar ee nabarrada yar yar ee muuqaalka ah ee muuqaalka ah, TB3 + Ions waxay si caadi ah loo isticmaalay kuwa dhifsanaya ion Dunida muraayadaha indhaha ee magneto.
Terbium disspromagnetnet broy
Dhamaadka qarnigii 20aad, oo leh qoto dheer oo sii dheer oo kacaanka adduunka ee kacaanka adduunka, agabyada codsiga Dunida ee cusub ayaa si dhakhso ah u soo ifbaxay. Sannadkii 1984, Jaamacadda Iowa State, Shaybaarka Amees ee Waaxda Tamarta ee Mareykanka, oo ka mid ah shaqaalaha ugu weyn ee loo yaqaan 'Prona Partner' (ET ReMa) oo ay ka shaqaysteen), oo ah Terbium Douglers-ka, oo ah Terbium Dyspromagnetic Mayketuckium. Waxyaabahan caqliga leh ee caqliga leh waxay leeyihiin astaamo heer sare ah oo si dhakhso leh loogu beddelo tamarta korantada tamar farsamo. Ku-meel-gaarka ah ee biyaha hoostiisa iyo qalabka-elektro-acosstrupt ee ka samaysan aaladda weyn ee birtxafkan ayaa si guul leh loogu habeeyay qalabka ciidamada badda, kuwa ku hadla si sadaqooyinka si fiican u ogaanshaha, nidaamka xasaasiga ah iyo nidaamyada kontoroolka iyo nidaamyada isgaarsiinta badda. Sidaa darteed, isla marka ugu dhakhsaha badan ee Terbium Dysprium Dysprosium bir bir ah uu ku dhashay, waxay ku heshay fiiro baahsan oo ka timaada wadamada warshadaha ee adduunka oo dhan. Teknolojiyadda geeska ah ee Mareykanka waxay bilaabeen soo saarista Terbium Dysprium Dysprosium Alaabta Magnet-ka ee Magnetnal Chrostickart Sanadkii 1989, waxaana loo magacaabay Terfenol D.
Taariikhda horumarka ee agabkan ee ku yaal Mareykanka, labadaba abuurka maaddada iyo codsiyada hore ee monopolistic-ka ayaa si toos ah ula xidhiidha warshadaha militariga (sida ciidamada badda). In kasta oo waaxyaha millatariga Shiinaha iyo kuwa difaaca Shiinaha ay si tartiib tartiib ah u xoojinayaan fahamkooda maaddaama. Si kastaba ha noqotee, kor u qaadista weyn ee ku saabsan xoogga qaran ee guud ee Shiinaha, baahida loo qabo in la gaaro istiraatiijiyad ahaan qarnigii 21aad ee tartan rasmi ah iyo heerarka hagaajinta qalabka ayaa xaqiiqdii noqon doona mid degdeg ah. Sidaa darteed, adeegsiga baahsan ee loo yaqaan 'terbium' ee terbium dysprosium bir bir ah abspedbantning abs waaxyada ka baxsan ee waaxyada militariga iyo waaxda gaashaandhigga qaranka waxay noqon doontaa daruuri taariikhi ah.
Marka la soo koobo, dhismayaasha badan ee ugu fiican eeteoolomKa dhig xubin lama huraan ah oo lagama maarmaan ah agabyo badan oo shaqeynaya iyo meel aan la arki karin oo ku yaal meelaha qaarkood. Si kastaba ha noqotee, sababta oo ah qiimaha sare ee Terbium, dadku waxay baran jireen sida looga fogaado loona yareeyo isticmaalka Terbium si loo yareeyo qiimaha wax soo saarka. Tusaale ahaan, agab dhif ah oo magneto ah waa inay sidoo kale istcimaalaan qiimo jabanDysprosium bircobalt ama gadolinium terbium cobalt intii ugu macquulsan; Isku day inaad yareyso waxa ku jira Terbium ee budada iftiinka cagaaran ee loo baahan yahay in la isticmaalo. Qiimaha ayaa noqday cunsur muhiim ah oo xaddidaya adeegsiga baahsan eeteoolom. Laakiin waxyaabo badan oo shaqeeya ayaa sameyn kara la'aanteed, sidaa darteed waa inaan u hoggaansanaano mabda'a "annagoo adeegsanayno bir wanaagsan oo ku yaal buundada" oo isku day inaad keydiso isticmaalkateoolomintii ugu macquulsan.
Waqtiga Post: Oct-25-2023