1, Hordhac aasaasi ah
Magaca Shiinaha:Barium, Magaca Ingiriisiga:Barium, astaanta aasaasiga ahBa, lambarka atomikada 56 Miiska xilliyeed, waa koox alkaline alkaline alums oo cufnaanta ah ee 327 ° F (1341 ° F), iyo qodob karkaraya 1870 ° C (3398 ° F). Barium waa bir alkaline bir bir ah oo leh shaashad caddaan ah, oo leh midab olol ah oo cagaar ah, jilicsan, iyo deji.BariumWaxay leedahay dhismeyaal kiimiko aad u firfircoon oo ka jawaabi kara inta badan biraha aan ahayn.Bariumweligiis looma helin sidii hal walax oo dabiici ah.Bariumcusbada ayaa sun ah marka laga reebobariumsulfate. Intaa waxaa sii dheer,Metallic bariumWaxay leedahay dhimis xoog leh waxayna yareyn kartaa inta badan oxideyaasha birta badankood, halis, iyo sulgas si ay u helaan macdanta u dhigma. Waxa ku jirabariumqolofku waa 0.05%, iyo macdanta ugu badan ee dabiiciga ah ee dabiiciga ah waa caseeri (bariumsulfate) iyo elerete (bariumkaarboon). Barium waxaa si weyn loogu isticmaalaa meelaha sida elektiroonigga ah, dhoobada, dawada, iyo batroolka.
2, daahfurkaBariumiyo heerka horumarka ee ShiinahaBariumWarshad
1. Taariikh kooban oo ku saabsan daahfurkabarium
Alkaline Worl Earth Earl Sulfats waxay soo bandhigayaan fosfooraska, taasoo la micno ah inay sii wataan iftiinka iftiinka mugdiga muddo waqti ah kadib markii la soo gaadhsiiyay iftiinka. Si sax ah ayey u tahay dabeecaddaas darteedbariumxeryahooda waxay bilaabeen inay helaan feejignaan.
Sannadkii 1602, V. Carourouolulus, oo ah mid kacsan oo ku yaal Bologna, Talyaaniga, ayaa ogaadey in casaan ay ku jiraanbariumSulfate iftiinka iftiinka mugdiga ka dib markii uu ku dubay walxaha guban kara. Ifafaaledaani wuxuu kiciyay danaha farmashiistaha Yurub. Sanadkii 1774, farmashiistaha iswiidhishka CW Screene wuxuu helay qayb cusub oo ku taal BARte, laakiin wuu awoodi waayey inuu kala sooco, kaliya okside-kaas. Sanadkii 1776, Johan Gottieb Gahn ayaa gobal ka noqday okside-ka ee daraasad la mid ah. Banckta waxaa markii hore loogu yeeray Barote By Guyton De Merveau, waxaana markii dambe loo magacaabay banthta (Dhul culus) oo uu sameeyay Antoine Lavosier. Sanadkii 1808, farmasiga Ingiriiska Humphry Davy wuxuu u adeegsaday meerkurida sida cathatka, platinum sida anaga, iyo korantada korantada (basol4) si loo soo saarobariumAmalgam. Musiibo ka dib si meesha looga saaro meerkurida, bir bir ah oo hooseeya ayaa la helay oo la magacaabaybarium.
Codsiyada warshadaha sidoo kale waxay leeyihiin taariikh in ka badan boqol sano
Ilaa iyo bilowgii qarnigii 19aad, dadku waxay bilaabeen inay u isticmaalaan barit (macdanta muhiimka ah ee soo saaristabariumiyobariumXirmooyinka) sida buufin loogu talagalay rinjiga. Tan iyo qarnigan, Barite wuxuu noqday ashyaa'da ugu weyn ee wax soo saarka wax soo saarkabariumoo ay ku jiraan alaabada kiimikaad. Sababo la xiriira saafiga, guryaha kiimikada ee xasilloon, oo ay ku dhex jiraan biyaha iyo aashitada, casheda waxaa loo istcimaalay sidii wakiil culeyskoodu yahay dhoobada saliida iyo gaaska ee dhoobada qoditaanka ah illaa 1920-meeyadii.BariumSulfate waxaa loo isticmaalaa soosaarka midabka cadaanka waxaana loo isticmaali karaa sidii buufin iyo midabbo midab leh caag.
2. Xaaladda Shiinahabariumwarshad
Sawaxanbariumcusbada waxaa ka mid ahbariumsulfate,bariumamooniyam, barium chloride,bariumkaarboon,bariumcyaniinide, iwm.BariumAlaabada cusbada ayaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa warshadaha elektiroonigga ah inay yihiin waxyaabaha lagu daro ee tuubooyinka sawirka midabka iyo waxyaabaha magnetic.
Waqtigan xaadirka ah, Shiinaha ayaa noqday soosaaraha ugu weyn adduunka eebariumcusbo. Awoodda soosaarka sanadlaha adduunka eebariumKaararka kaarboonku waa 900000 tan, oo leh wax soo saar qiyaastii 700000 tan, halka awoodda soosaarka Shiinaha ay tahay 700000 tan, oo leh wax soo saar sanadle ah oo qiyaastii ah 500000 tan, oo ay ku xisaabtamaan in ka badan 70% adduunkabariumAwoodda wax soo saarka ee kaarboon iyo wax soo saarka. ShiinahabariumAlaabada carbonate ah ayaa lagu dhoofiyay muddo dheer muddo dheer, Shiinahana wuxuu noqday dhoofinta adduunka ugu weyn eebariumkaarboon.
Dhibaatooyinka ay wajahayaan horumarkaBariumWarshadaha cusbada ee Shiinaha
In kasta oo Shiinaha uu yahay soosaaraha ugu weyn adduunka iyo dhoofintabariumKaararka kaarboon, ma aha soosaaraha xoogga leh ee loo yaqaan 'barium'. Marka hore, waxaa jira tiro yar oo ballaaranbariumShirkadaha wax soo saarka wax soo saarka ee china, waxaana jira shirkado aad u yar oo ay gaareen wax soo saar ballaaran; Marka labaad, ShiinahabariumAlaabada kaarboon-ka ah waxay leeyihiin qaab keliya oo aan lahayn alaabo farsamo-gacmeed. In kasta oo warshadaha qaar ay hadda baaraan oo soo saaraan daahir sarebariumKaaboon, deganaanshuhu way liidataa. Alaabada sareeya, Shiinaha sidoo kale waxay u baahan tahay inay ka soo dhoofiso shirkadaha sida Jarmalka, Talyaaniga, iyo Japan. Intaas waxaa sii dheer, sannadihii ugu dambeeyay, wadamada qaar waxay noqdeen dhoofinta cusub eebariumCarsoteate, sida Russia, Brazil, South Korea, iyo Mexico, oo horseedaysa in ay ka gudbeen InternationalbariumSuuqa kaarboon, kaas oo saameyn weyn ku yeeshay ShiinahabariumWarshadaha Carbonate. Soo-saareyaasha ayaa diyaar u ah inay yareeyaan qiimaha si ay u noolaadaan. Isla mar ahaantaana, shirkadaha dhoofinta Shiinaha ayaa sidoo kale wajahaya baaritaanno ka hortagga ka-hortagga dibedda. Iyada oo la wanaajiyo isdaba joog ah ee shuruudaha ilaalinta deegaanka, qaarbariumShirkadaha soosaarka milixda ee Shiinaha ayaa sidoo kale wajahaya arrimaha ilaalinta deegaanka. Si kor loogu qaado horumarka Shiinahabariumwarshadaha cusbada,bariumShirkadaha soosaarka milixda ee Shiinaha waa inay qaataan ilaalinta deegaanka iyo badbaadada sida aasaaska, si isdaba joog ah u baarista iyo horumarinta alaabada cusub ee buuxisa shuruudaha tiknolojiyadda oo aad leedahay.
Soo-saarka iyo xogta dhoofinta ee Chite ee Shiinaha
Sida laga soo xigtay xogta laga soo qaatay sahanka Mareykanka ee Mareykanka, soo saaridda konite ee Shiinaha ayaa ahaa ku dhawaad 41 milyan tan oo ah 2014.bariumSulfate, oo kordhaysa 0.18% marka loo eego isla muddadaas sanadkii la soo dhaafay. Qiimaha isu-dhoofinta ayaa ahaa 654965598 Doolarka Mareykanka, oo kordhay 20.99% marka loo eego isla muddadaas sanadkii la soo dhaafay. Qiimaha Qaybta Dhooburka wuxuu ahaa 0.71 Doollarka Mareykanka halkii kiilogaraam, oo kordhay 0.12 Doolar ee Mareykanka halkii kiilogaraam halkii muddadaas sanadkii la soo dhaafay. Oo ka mid ah, bishii Diseembar 2014, Shiinaha ayaa dhoofiyay 876864 kiilogaraam eebariumSulfate, oo ah koror 8.19% marka loo eego isla muddadaas sanadkii la soo dhaafay. Lacagta dhoofinta waxay ahayd 8385141 Doolarka Mareykanka, oo ah koror 5.1% marka loo eego isla muddadaas sanadkii la soo dhaafay.
Sida laga soo xigtay xogta kastamada Shiinaha, bishii Juun 2015, Shiinaha ayaa dhoofiyay 170000 tan oo ahbariumSulfate, hoos u dhac 1.7% marka loo eego isla muddadaas sanadkii la soo dhaafay; Qeybtii hore ee sanadka, mugga isu-imaatinka isugeynta waxay ahayd 1.12 milyan oo tan, oo hoos u dhacday 6.8% marka loo eego isla muddadaas sanadkii la soo dhaafay; Tirada dhoofinta ee la mid ah ayaa hoos u dhacay 5.4% iyo 9% siday u kala horreeyaan marka loo eego isla muddadaas sanadkii la soo dhaafay.
3, qaybinta iyo wax soo saarka Barium (Barite) Kheyraadka
1. Qaybinta Kheyraadka Barium
Waxa ku jirabariumqolofku waa 0.05%, oo darajo 14-keeda. Macdanta ugu weyn ee dabiiciga ah waa caseeri (bariumSulfate BASO4) iyo Eryate (bariumBacabocate carboon Bacaco3). Ka mid ah, carta ayaa ah macdanta ugu badan ee barium, kaas oo ka koobanbariumSuulfate oo ka dhaco xididdada kuleylka ee heerkulka-hooseeya, sida xididdada quraakha ee quartz, xididdada tidhka ee rucurite, iwm. Toxitic waa mid kale oo weynbariumoo ay ku jiraan macdanta dabeecadda, marka lagu daro koriinka, iyo qaybteeda ugu weyni waabariumkaarboon.
Sida laga soo xigtay xogta laga soo qaatay sahanka Mareykanka ee Mareykanka ee 2015, kheyraadka caalamiga ah ee adduunka waa ku dhawaad 2 bilyan oo tan oo tan ah, kuwaas oo 740 milyan tan la caddeeyo. Keydka caalamiga ah ee adduunka waa 350 milyan oo tan. Shiinaha waa dalka ay ku jiraan ilaha ugu badan ee ugu badan. Wadamada kale ee leh Kheyraadka hodanka ah ee hodanka ah waxaa ka mid ah Kazakhstan, Türkiye, India, Thailand, Mareykanka iyo Mexico. Ilaha caanka ah ee laga helo dunida waxaa ka mid ah Westman Land Peass, oo ku taal Guansy, oo ku taal Guizhou, Liagxi ee Hangxi, Xiangzhou ee Guengxi, oo uu ku sugnaa magaalada Guangxi, oo uu ku sugnaa Shaanxi.
Sida laga soo xigtay xogta laga soo qaatay sahanka Mareykanka ee Mareykanka ee sanadka 2015, soosaarka caalamiga ah ee CARRIte wuxuu ahaa 9.23 milyan oo tan sanadkii 2014, oo ay ku kacday soosaaraha 4.1 milyan oo tan, oo ay ku xisaabtamaan qiyaastii 44.3% ee soosaarka adduunka. Hindiya, Morocco, iyo dowladdu waxay darajaysaa labaad, saddexaad, iyo afaraad siday u kala horreeyaan, iyada oo wax soo saar leh 1.6 milyan tan, 1 milyan oo tan, iyo 720000 tan, iyo 720000 tan, iyo 720000 tan.
2. QaybintaBariumKheyraadka Shiinaha
Shiinaha ayaa hodan ku ahbariumIyada oo loo yaqaan 'Ore', oo leh kayd wadarta guud ee ka badan 1 bilyan oo tan oo ah. Intaa waxaa sii dheer, darajada barium-ka ayaa aad u sarreeya, kaydkeeda iyo wax soo saarkooda ayaa hadda lagu soo bandhigayaa adduunka ugu horreeyay. Ugu badanbariumoo ay ku jiraan macdanta dabiiciga ah ee dabeecadda waa caseeri. Kaydka caalamiga ah ee binite waa 350 milyan oo tan, halka keydka sare ee Shiinaha ay tahay 100 milyan oo tan, oo ay ku xisaabtamaan qiyaastii 29% wadarta guud ee adduunka iyo darajada koowaad ee adduunka.
Sida ku xusan xogta "sahaminta meelaha ugu fiirsashada macdanta macdanta iyo suurtagalka kheyraadka ee miinooyinka macdanta Shiinaha" (macdanta kiimikada ee Shiinaha, iyo Shiinaha), ayaa lagu qeybiyay 24 gobol (gobol) oo leh kayd iyo wax soo saarka koowaad ee adduunka. Waxaa jira 195 qaybood oo macdanta leh oo leh kayd la xaqiijiyey oo ku yaal Shiinaha, iyadoo wadarta guud ee ay xaqiijiyeen 390 milyan oo tan oo ore ah. Laga soo bilaabo qaybinta gobolka (gobol) ee loo qaybiyo (gobolka Guizhou, gobolka Guizhou ayaa leh miinooyinka ugu sareeya, oo lagu xisaabtamo 34% kaydka keydka dalka; Han, Guangxi, Gansu, Shaanxi iyo gobol kale (gobollada) ayaa kaalinta labaad qaadata. Shantii gobol ee kor ku xusan xisaabta 80% kaydka qaranka. Nooca deebaajiga ayaa inta badan isbadal ah, oo ku saabsan 60% wadarta kaydka. Intaas waxaa sii dheer, waxaa sidoo kale jira lakab lakab ah (engetetic), deganaanshaha dekedaha, hydrothothothothotheral, iyo jaalle (haraaga haraaga) noocyada). Xilliga macdanta wuxuu inta badan ku jiray xilligii Paleozoic, iyo kaydinta kaydinta waxaa sidoo kale la sameeyay xilligii Ninian iyo xilliga Mesozoic Cenozoic.
Sifooyinka ku saabsan macdanta macdanta ee Shiinaha
Marka laga eego aragtida tiro, macdanta macdanta ee Shiinaha ayaa inta badan loo qaybiyaa gobolka dhexe; Marka laga hadlayo fasalka, ku dhawaad dhammaan macdanta hodanka ah ayaa inta badan lagu saaraa Guizhou iyo Guangxi; Marka laga eego aragtida cabirkoodu yahay ee ore-ka, kaydadka Shiinaha ee Shiinaha ayaa badanaa ah mid ballaaran oo dhexdhexaad ah. Kaliya labada qaybood ee macdanta ee Guizhou Tianzhu Dahe BIAN iyo Haman Xinhuang GongXi ayaa ka badan kala badh kaydka kaydka aagaggaas. Badanaa, nooc keli ah ayaa ah nooca ugu weyn ee loo yaqaan 'Ore', iyo astaamaha macdanta iyo saamiga kiimikada oo saafi ah oo saafi ah, sida Jinhaan Gongxi oo miino. Intaas waxaa sii dheer, waxaa sidoo kale jira kaydyo waaweyn oo macdanta Co iyo xiriir la leh oo la fahmi karo.
4, habka wax soo saarka ee barium
1. Diyaarintabarium
Soosaarka macuunku ee warshadaha waxaa ku jira laba talaabo: soosaarka barium oxide iyo soosaarka macdamka macdanta iyada oo loo marayo yareynta kuleylka birta (dhimista alumininic-ka).
(1) Diyaarintabariumxinso
Biyo tayo sare leh ayaa ugu horreeya ee ugu horreeya ee ugu horreeya, oo ay ku xigto bir bir ah iyo ka saarista silikoolka si aad u hesho xooga saarista in ka badan 96%bariumsulfate. Isku qas budada macdanta cabir ka yar 20 mesh iyo dhuxul ama batroolka coke budada culeyska culeyska ee 4: 1, iyo cachine at 1100 ℃ ee foornada qurxinta.BariumSulfate waxaa lagu yareeyay barium sulfide (oo loo yaqaan "ash madow"), oo lagu qoro biyo kulul si loo helo xalka barium sulfide. Si loogu beddelo barium sulfide-ka barium-ka kaadi-yarta, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in lagu daro sodium kaarboon ama lagu soo bandhigo kaarboon dioxium xalka aquir ee barium sulfide. Isku qas bari-ka haraamka badhanka kaarboonka iyo calnie-ka ee ka sarreeya 800 ℃ si aad u hesho barium oxide. Waa in la ogaadaa in barium oxides uu ka dhigto barium peroxide 500-700 ℃, iyo barium peroxide waxay u burburi kartaa qaabbariumoxide at 700-800 ℃. Sidaa darteed, si looga fogaado soosaarka barium peroxide, alaabada xisaabinta ayaa loo baahan yahay in la qaboojiyo ama lagu dubiyo kahortaga gaaska.
(2) Soosaarkabirta bariumby habka dhimitaanka alumininintmic
Waxaa jira laba falcelin oo loogu talagalay dhimista aluminium eebariumoxide sabab u ah maaddooyinka kaladuwan:
6Bayo → 2Al → 3Bo • Al2o3 + 3Ba ↑
Ama: 4Bao + 2Al → bao • al2o3 + 3Ba ↑
Heerkulka ayaa u dhexeeya 1000 ilaa 1200 ℃, labadan falcelinta waxay soo saaraan wax aad u yarbarium, marka waa lagama maarmaan in la isticmaalo bamka faaruq ah si aad u wareejisobariumuumiga ka soo dhaca aagga soo jiidashada ee aagga uumiga si jawaab-celinta loo sii wado si joogto ah dhanka midig. Hadhaaga ka dib fal-celinta ayaa sun ah oo keliya la tuuri karaa daaweynta ka dib.
2. Diyaarinta xeryahooda barium ee caadiga ah
(1) habka diyaarinta eebariumkaarboon
Habka loo yaqaan 'kaarboon'
Habka kaarboon-ka-kahada ayaa inta badan ku lug leh isku-darka iyo dhuxusha saamiga gaar ah, ku burburin foorno rogro ah, iyo dubista iyo ka dhigista waxeey ka helayaan barium sulfide dhalaalo. Kaarboon dioxide ayaa lagu soo bandhigaybariumxalka sulfide ee kaarboon-si loo helo, iyo la helaybariumSLUTRYATE CLUBRY waxaa lagu xidhaa oo lagu dhaqo oo lagu dhaqi karaa iyo faaruqa faashad. Kadib, waa la qalajiyey oo jajabiyey 300 ℃ si loo helo sheyga kaarboon ee barium-ka dhammaaday. Qaabkan waxaa qaadaya inta badan soo-saareyaasha sababta oo ah howlaheeda fudud iyo qiimaha jaban.
② Habka jabinta ee adag
Wax soo saarka ugu dambeeya eebariumKaararka kaarboon-ka ah waxaa lagu heli karaa falcelinta laba-laabshiga laba laab ee ka dhexeysa barium sulfide iyo ammonium kaarboon, ama falcelinta ka dhexeysa barium chloride iyo kaarboon potassium. Ka dib wax soo saarka ka dhalanaya ayaa markaa la maydhaa, la sifeeyaa, la qalajiyey, iwm.
③ Sharciga patrochemical culus
Budada culus ee sunta ah ee sunta ah ayaa ka falceliyaa cusbo ammonia si ay u soo saartobariumCusbada, iyo kaarboon ammonium-ka ayaa dib loo warshadeeyaa si loo isticmaalo. MilabariumCusbada ayaa lagu dari karaa kaarboon ammonium si loo saadaaliyo kaarboon barium-ka, oo la sifeeyo oo la qalajiyo si loo soo saaro wax soo saar. Intaas waxaa sii dheer, khamriga hooyada la helay ayaa dib loo warshadeyn karaa oo dib loo isticmaali karaa.
(2) habka diyaarinta eebariumtitanite
① Qaabka Strot-Wajiga
Bariumtitanite waxaa lagu diyaarin karaa xisaabintabariumCarbonate iyo tatnium dioxide, oo lagu dari karo wax kasta oo kale.
Habka CopReco
Milidbariumchloride iyo tetanium tetchloride ee isku dar ah walxaha la siman yahay, kuleylka illaa 70 ° C, ka dibna u tuur aashitada oxalic si aad u hesho saabuun biyo ahbariumTitanate [batio (c2O4) 2-4H2O]. Dhaq, qalalan, ka dibna pyrolysis si aad u hesho biium titanate.
(3) habka diyaarinta eebariumkloriin
Geedi socodka wax soo saarka eebariumChloride inta badan waxaa ka mid ah habka asiidh hydrochloric,bariumHabka Carbonate, Habka Callorium Chlorium, iyo Habka Chlorium Chloride ee Chloride Marka loo eego habab kala duwan ama alaabo ceyriin ah.
① Qaabka acid hydrochloric.
②BariumHabka Carbonate. Laga sameeyay dhagaxa dhagaxa ah (Baarium Carboctote) sida shey ceyriin ah.
③ Habka chlorium chloride. Yaraynta isku dar ah oo isku dhafan iyo kaalshiyam ah chloride kaarboon.
Intaas waxaa sii dheer, waxaa jira habka 'magnesium chloride'. Loo diyaariyey daweyntabariumSulfide oo leh magnesium chloride.
Waqtiga Post: Noven-01-2023