1. Hordhac Aasaasiga ah
Magaca Shiinaha:Barium, Magaca Ingiriisiga:Barium, astaanta curiyahaBa, lambarka atomiga 56 ee miiska xilliyeedka, waa koox IIA ah oo ah birta dhulka alkaline oo leh cufnaanta 3.51 g / sentimitir cubic, dhibic dhalaalaysa 727 ° C (1000 K, 1341 ° F), iyo barta karkarinta 1870 ° C (2143 K, 3398 ° F). Barium waa bir dhulka alkaline ah oo leh dhalaal cad oo qalin ah, oo leh midab olol ah oo cagaar ah, jilicsan, iyo ductile.Bariumwaxay leedahay sifooyin kiimikaad oo aad u firfircoon waxayna kaga falcelin kartaa inta badan kuwa aan biraha ahayn.Bariumweligeed looma helin hal walax oo dabiicadda ah.Bariummilixdu waa sun marka laga reebobariumsulfate. Intaa waxaa dheer,barium macdan ahwaxay leedahay dib-u-dhis xooggan waxayna yarayn kartaa inta badan oksaydhyada birta, halides, iyo sulfides si loo helo biraha u dhigma. Nuxurkabariumqolofku waa 0.05%, iyo macdanta ugu badan ee dabiiciga ah waa barite (bariumsulfate) iyo engegan (bariumkaarboonaydh). Barium waxaa si weyn looga isticmaalaa dhinacyada sida elektiroonigga, ceramics, daawada, iyo batroolka.
2. DaahfurkaBariumiyo Heerka Horumarineed ee ShiinahaBariumWarshadaha
1. Taariikh kooban oo ku saabsan daahfurkabarium
Sulfide-yada dhulka alkaline waxa ay muujinayaan phosphorescence, taasoo la macno ah in ay sii wadaan in ay sii daayaan iftiinka gudcurka in muddo ah ka dib marka ay iftiinka soo baxaan. Waa si sax ah sababta oo ah sifadan taasbariumxeryahooda ayaa bilaabay in ay helaan dareenka.
Sannadkii 1602, V. Casiorolus, oo kabo-sameeyaha Bologna, Italy, ayaa ogaaday in barite ay ku jiraan.bariumSulfate wuxuu iftiimiyay iftiinka mugdiga ka dib markii lagu dubay walxo guban kara. Dhacdadani waxay kicisay xiisaha farmashiistaha Yurub. Sanadkii 1774 kii, farmashiistaha Iswiidhishka CW Scheele ayaa helay curiye cusub oo ku jira barite, laakiin wuu awoodi waayay inuu kala saaro, kaliya oksaydhka curiyahaas. Sannadkii 1776-kii, Johan Gottlieb Gahn wuxuu oxide-kan ku go'doomiyay daraasad la mid ah. Baryta markii hore waxaa loogu yeeraa barote by Guyton de Morveau, ka dibna waxaa loo beddelay baryta (dhulka culus) Antoine Lavoisier. Sanadkii 1808 kii, farmashiyaha Britishka ah Humphry Davy wuxuu u adeegsaday meerkuri sida cathode, platinum sida anode, iyo barite elektrolysed (BaSO4) si uu u soo saaro.bariumamalgam Ka dib markii la nadiifiyo si loo saaro meerkuriga, bir nadiif ah oo hooseeya ayaa la helay oo la magacaabaybarium.
Codsiyada warshadaha sidoo kale waxay leeyihiin taariikh in ka badan boqol sano
Horraantii qarnigii 19-aad, dadku waxay bilaabeen inay isticmaalaan barite (macdan muhiim u ah soo saaristabariumiyobariumxeryahooda) sida buuxinta rinjiga. Tan iyo qarnigan, barite wuxuu noqday alaabta ceeriin ee ugu weyn ee wax soo saarka kala duwanbariumoo ay ku jiraan alaabada kiimikaad. Sababtoo ah saamiga muhiimka ah, guryaha kiimikada deggan, iyo kuwa aan milmi karin ee biyaha iyo asiidhka, barite waxa loo isticmaalay sidii wakiilka miisaanka ee dhoobada qodista saliidda iyo gaaska horaantii 1920-meeyadii.BariumSulfate waxaa loo isticmaalaa soo saarista midabada cad cad waxaana loo isticmaali karaa buuxinta iyo midabaynta caag ahaan.
2. Xaaladda Shiinahabariumwarshadaha
Caadiyanbariumcusbada waxaa ka mid ahbariumsulfate,bariumnitrate, barium chloride,bariumkarbohaydrayt,bariumcyanide, iwm.BariumWax soo saarka milixda waxaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa warshadaha elektiroonigga ah sida wax lagu daro tuubooyinka sawirka midabka iyo qalabka birlabeedka.
Waqtigan xaadirka ah, Shiinaha ayaa noqday dalka ugu wax soo saarka badan adduunkabariumcusbo Awoodda wax-soo-saarka sannadlaha ah ee caalamiga ah eebariumKaarboonaydhku waa qiyaastii 900000 oo tan, iyada oo wax soo saarkeedu yahay ilaa 700000 oo tan, halka awoodda wax-soo-saarka sannadlaha ah ee Shiinaha ay ku dhowdahay 700000 oo tan, iyada oo wax-soo-saarka sannadlaha ah ee ku saabsan 500000 tan, oo ka dhigan in ka badan 70% adduunka.bariumawoodda wax-soo-saarka carbonate iyo wax soo saarka. ShiinahabariumBadeecadaha Carbonate-ka ayaa si aad ah loo dhoofin jiray muddo dheer, Shiinaha ayaa noqday dalka ugu badan ee wax dhoofiya.bariumkarbonhaydrayt.
Dhibaatooyinka ay la kulmaan horumarintaBariumWarshadaha milixda ee Shiinaha
In kasta oo Shiinuhu yahay wax soo saarka iyo dhoofinta ugu weyn adduunkabariumcarbonate, ma aha soo saaraha xooggan ee barium carbonate. Marka hore, waxaa jira tiro yar oo ballaaranbariumShirkadaha wax-soo-saarka karbohaydrayt ee Shiinaha, waxaana jira shirkado aad u yar oo gaadhay wax-soo-saar baaxad leh; Marka labaad, ShiinahabariumAlaabooyinka karbohaydraytyadu waxay leeyihiin hal qaab oo keliya oo ay ka maqan yihiin alaabada tignoolajiyada sare. In kasta oo warshadaha qaarkood ay hadda baadhisayaan oo ay soo saarayaan nadiif sarebariumcarbonate, xasiloonidiisu waa liidata. Badeecooyinka nadiifka ah, Shiinuhu wuxuu sidoo kale u baahan yahay inuu ka soo dejiyo shirkadaha sida Jarmalka, Talyaaniga, iyo Japan. Intaa waxaa dheer, sannadihii u dambeeyay, dalalka qaarkood waxay noqdeen kuwo cusub oo wax dhoofiyabariumKaarboonaydh, sida Russia, Brazil, South Korea, iyo Mexico, taasoo horseedaysa sahayda caalamiga ahbariumsuuqa karbohaydrayt, kaas oo saamayn wayn ku yeeshay Shiinahabariumwarshadaha karbonatka. Wax-soo-saarayaashu waxay diyaar u yihiin inay dhimaan qiimaha si ay u noolaadaan. Isla mar ahaantaana, shirkadaha Shiinaha ee dhoofinta dhoofinta ayaa sidoo kale wajahaya baaritaannada ka hortagga qashinka ee dibadda. Iyadoo horumarinta joogtada ah ee shuruudaha ilaalinta deegaanka, qaarbariumShirkadaha wax soo saarka milixda ee Shiinaha ayaa sidoo kale wajahaya arrimaha ilaalinta deegaanka. Si kor loogu qaado horumarinta Shiinahabariumwarshadaha cusbada,bariumshirkadaha wax soo saarka milixda ee Shiinaha waa in ay qaataan ilaalinta deegaanka iyo badbaadada sida aasaaska, si joogto ah cilmi baaris iyo soo bandhigo tignoolajiyada horumarsan, oo ay horumariyaan wax soo saarka cusub oo buuxiya shuruudaha waqtiyada iyo content tignoolajiyada sare.
Wax soo saarka iyo Dhoofinta Xogta Bariite ee Shiinaha
Marka loo eego xogta laga soo xigtay Sahanka Jiyoolajiga ee Maraykanka, wax soo saarka barite ee Shiinaha wuxuu ahaa qiyaastii 41 milyan oo tan sanadkii 2014. Marka loo eego tirakoobka kastamka Shiinaha, Janaayo ilaa Disembar 2014, Shiinaha ayaa dhoofiyay 92588597 kiiloogaraam oo ahbariumayaa isbeddelay illaa +0.18% marka la barbar dhigo maalintiisii hore. Qiimaha dhoofinta wadarta wuxuu ahaa 65496598 US dollar, korodhka 20.99% marka la barbar dhigo isla muddadaas sannadkii hore. Qiimaha halbeegga dhoofinta waxa uu ahaa 0.71 US dollars halkii kiilo, korodhka 0.12 US dollars halkii kiilo marka loo eego isla muddadaas sannadkii hore. Waxaa ka mid ah, bishii Disembar 2014, Shiinuhu wuxuu dhoofiyay 8768648 kiiloogaraambariumayaa isbeddelay illaa +8.19% marka la barbar dhigo maalintiisii hore. Lacagta dhoofinta ayaa ahayd 8385141 US dollar, korodhka 5.1% marka loo eego isla muddadaas sannadkii hore.
Marka loo eego xogta kastamka Shiinaha, bishii Juun 2015, Shiinuhu wuxuu dhoofiyay 170000 oo tan.bariumSulfate, hoos u dhac 1.7% marka la barbar dhigo isla muddadaas sannadkii hore; Qaybtii hore ee sanadka, mugga dhoofinta wadarta wuxuu ahaa 1.12 milyan oo tan, hoos u dhac 6.8% ah marka loo eego isla muddadaas sannadkii hore; Isla qaddarka dhoofinta ayaa hoos u dhacay 5.4% iyo 9% siday u kala horreeyaan marka la barbar dhigo isla muddadaas sannadkii hore.
3. Qaybinta iyo Soo saarista Khayraadka Barium (Barite).
1. Qaybinta kheyraadka barium
Nuxurkabariumqolofku waa 0.05%, darajada 14aad. Macdanta ugu muhiimsan ee dabiiciga ah waa barite (bariumsulfate BaSO4) iyo engeganbariumcarbonate BaCO3). Waxaa ka mid ah, barite waa macdanta ugu badan ee barium, taas oo ka koobanbariumSulfate waxayna ku dhacdaa xididdada kuleylka kuleylka hooseeya, sida xididada quartz barite, xididada barite fluorite, iwm. Suntu waa mid kale oo weyn.bariumka kooban macdanta dabiiciga ah, marka lagu daro barite, iyo qaybteeda ugu weyn waabariumkarbonhaydrayt.
Marka loo eego xogta laga soo xigtay Sahanka Juquraafi ee Mareykanka ee 2015, kheyraadka barite adduunka waa ku dhawaad 2 bilyan oo tan, kuwaas oo 740 milyan oo tan la xaqiijiyay. Kaydka barite ee caalamiga ahi waa 350 milyan oo tan. Shiinaha waa dalka ugu kheyraadka badan ee barite. Wadamada kale ee leh kheyraadka barite waxaa ka mid ah Kazakhstan, Turkiye, India, Thailand, Mareykanka iyo Mexico. Ilaha caanka ah ee barite adduunka waxaa ka mid ah Westman Land ee UK, Felsbonne oo Romania ah, Saxony ee Jarmalka, Tianzhu ee Guizhou, Heifenggou ee Gansu, Gongxi ee Hunan, Liulin ee Hubei, Xiangzhou ee Guangxi, iyo Shuiping ee Shaanxi.
Marka loo eego xogta laga soo xigtay Sahanka Geological ee Maraykanka ee 2015, wax soo saarka caalamiga ah ee barite wuxuu ahaa 9.23 milyan tan 2013 wuxuuna kordhay 9.26 milyan tan 2014. 2014, Shiinaha ayaa ahaa soo saaraha ugu weyn ee barite, iyada oo wax soo saarkeedu yahay 4.1 milyan oo tan. , oo ka dhigan qiyaastii 44.3% wadarta guud ee wax soo saarka caalamiga ah. Hindiya, Marooko, iyo Maraykanka ayaa ku kala galay kaalinta labaad, saddexaad, iyo afraad, iyagoo soo saaray 1.6 milyan oo tan, 1 milyan oo tan, iyo 720000 oo tan.
2. QaybintaBariumKhayraadka Shiinaha
Shiinaha ayaa qani ku ahbariumKhayraadka macdanta, oo leh kayd la saadaaliyay oo ka badan 1 bilyan oo tan. Waxaa intaa dheer, darajada macdanta barium waa mid aad u sareysa, kaydkeeda iyo wax soo saarkeeda ayaa hadda ku jira kaalinta koowaad ee adduunka. Inta badanbariumka kooban macdanta dabiiciga ah waa barite. Kaydka caalamiga ah ee barite waa 350 milyan oo tan, halka kaydka barite ee Shiinaha uu yahay 100 milyan oo tan, taasoo ka dhigan qiyaastii 29% wadarta kaydka caalamiga ah iyo darajada koowaad ee adduunka.
Marka loo eego xogta ku jirta "Sahaminta Meelaha Muhiimka ah ee Macdanta Muhiimka ah iyo Awoodda Kheyraadka ee Macdanta Bariit ee Shiinaha" (Chemical Mineral Geology, 2010), Shiinuhu wuxuu qani ku yahay kheyraadka barite, oo loo qaybiyay 24 gobol (gobollada) waddanka oo dhan, oo leh kayd iyo darajo wax soo saar. aduunka ugu horeeyo. Waxaa jira 195 goobood oo macdanta laga qodo oo leh kayd la xaqiijiyay oo Shiinaha ah, iyada oo wadarta kaydka kaydka ah ee la xaqiijiyay ay dhan tahay 390 milyan oo tan oo macdan ah. Laga soo bilaabo gobolka (gobolka) qaybinta barite, Gobolka Guizhou wuxuu leeyahay miinooyinka ugu badan ee barite, oo ka dhigan 34% kaydka guud ee dalka; Hunan, Guangxi, Gansu, Shaanxi iyo gobolada kale (gobolada) ayaa galay kaalinta labaad. Shanta gobol ee kor ku xusan waxay ka yihiin 80% kaydka qaranka. Nooca deebaajigu inta badan waa sedimentary, oo xisaabiya 60% wadarta kaydadka. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxaa sidoo kale jira lakabyo la xakameeyey (endogenetic), sedimentary volcano, hydrothermal, iyo cimilada (jiirada haraaga). Muddada macdanta inta badan waxay ahayd xilligii Paleozoic, kaydadka barite sidoo kale waxaa la sameeyay xilliyadii Sinian iyo Mesozoic Cenozoic.
Astaamaha Khayraadka Macdanta Barite ee Shiinaha
Marka la eego dhinaca tirada, macdanta barite ee Shiinaha ayaa inta badan lagu qaybiyaa gobollada dhexe; Marka la eego darajada, ku dhawaad dhammaan macdanta hodanka ah waxay inta badan ku urursan yihiin Guizhou iyo Guangxi; Marka loo eego miisaanka deebaajiga macdanta, kaydadka barite ee Shiinaha ayaa inta badan ah kuwo waaweyn iyo kuwo dhexdhexaad ah. Kaliya labada goobood ee macdanta Guizhou Tianzhu Dahe Bian iyo Hunan Xinhuang Gongxi ayaa ka badan kala badh kaydadka meelahan. Inta badan, hal nooc oo barite ah ayaa ah nooca ugu muhiimsan ee macdanta, iyo isku dhafka macdanta iyo saamiga kiimikada ayaa ah mid sahlan oo saafi ah, sida Hunan Xinhuang Gongxi mine. Intaa waxa dheer, waxa kale oo jira kayd badan oo co iyo macdano la xidhiidha kuwaas oo si dhamaystiran looga faa'iidaysan karo.
4. Habka wax soo saarka ee barium
1. Diyaarintabarium
Wax soo saarka barium birta ee warshadaha waxaa ka mid ah laba tillaabo: soo saarida barium oxide iyo soo saarista barium birta iyada oo loo marayo dhimista kulaylka birta (yaraynta aluminiumka).
(1) Diyaarintabariumoksaydh
Macdanta tayada sare leh marka hore waxay u baahan tahay xulashada gacanta iyo sabbaynta, oo ay ku xigto birta iyo silikoon ka saarista si loo helo xooga ka kooban in ka badan 96%bariumsulfate. Ku qas budada macdanta leh xajmi ka yar 20 mesh iyo dhuxul ama batroolka budada coke ee saamiga miisaanka 4:1, iyo calcine at 1100 ℃ foornada dib u celinta.BariumSulfate waxa lagu yareeyaa barium sulfide (oo loo yaqaan "dambas madow"), kaas oo lagu daadiyo biyo kulul si loo helo xal barium sulfide. Si barium sulfide loogu beddelo roobka barium carbonate, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in lagu daro sodium carbonate ama la geli karo kaarboon laba ogsaydh ee barium sulfide aqueous. Isku qas barium carbonate iyo budada kaarboonka iyo calcine ka sarreeya 800 ℃ si aad u hesho barium oxide. Waa in la ogaadaa in barium oxide uu oxidizes si uu u sameeyo barium peroxide at 500-700 ℃, iyo barium peroxide wuu qudhmi karaa si uu u sameeyo.bariumoxide at 700-800 ℃. Sidaa darteed, si looga fogaado soo saarista barium peroxide, alaabada la kariyey waxay u baahan yihiin in la qaboojiyo ama la damiyo iyada oo hoos timaada gaaska aan shaqaynayn.
(2) Wax-soo-saarkabiraha bariumhabka dhimista aluminiumka
Waxaa jira laba falcelin ee dhimista aluminiumbariumoxide sababtoo ah maaddooyinka kala duwan:
6BaO+2Al → 3BaO • Al2O3+3Ba ↑
Ama: 4BaO+2Al → BaO • Al2O3+3Ba ↑
Heerkulka u dhexeeya 1000 ilaa 1200 ℃, labadan falcelin waxay soo saaraan wax aad u yar.barium, markaa waa lagama maarmaan in la isticmaalo bamka faakuumka si joogto ah loogu wareejiyobariumuumiga ka soo baxa aagga falcelinta ilaa aagga uumiga si fal-celintu si joogto ah ugu socoto dhanka midig. Hadhaaga falcelinta ka dib waa sun waxaana la tuuri karaa daawaynta ka dib.
2. Diyaarinta xeryahooda barium caadiga ah
(1) Habka diyaarinta eebariumkarbonhaydrayt
① Habka kaarboonaynta
Habka kaarboonaynta inta badan waxa ay ku lug leedahay in la isku qaso barite iyo dhuxusha qayb ka mid ah, in lagu burburiyo foornada wareegta ah, iyo dubay oo lagu dhimo 1100-1200 ℃ si loo helo barium sulfide dhalaalaysa. Kaarboon-dioxide ayaa la geliyaa gudahabariumxal sulfide for carbonization, iyo helaybariumslurry kaarboonaytku waxa lagu sakhraamiyaa nadiifinta iyo nadiifinta faakuumka. Kadib, waa la qalajiyey oo la jajabiyey 300 ℃ si loo helo badeecada barium carbonate ee dhammaatay. Habkan waxaa qaata inta badan soo saarayaasha sababtoo ah habka fudud iyo kharashka yar.
② Habka burburka isku dhafan
Wax soo saarka ugu dambeeya eebariumcarbonate waxa lagu heli karaa falcelinta kala-baxa labalaabka ah ee u dhexeeya barium sulfide iyo ammonium carbonate, ama falcelinta u dhaxaysa barium chloride iyo potassium carbonate. Alaabta ka dhalata ayaa markaa la dhaqaa, la sifeeyaa, la qalajiyaa, iwm.
③ Sharciga Kiimikada Kiimikada Culus ee Sunta ah
Budada macdanta culus ee sunta ah waxaa lagu falceliyaa cusbo ammonium si ay u dhalato mid milmaybariumcusbo, iyo ammonium carbonate ayaa dib loo warshadeeyay si loo isticmaalo. Ka milmaybariummilix ayaa lagu daraa ammonium carbonate si ay u soo dedejiso barium carbonate la safeeyey, kaas oo la sifeeyo lana qalajiyo si loo soo saaro badeeco dhammaatay. Intaa waxaa dheer, khamriga hooyada la helay dib ayaa loo warshadayn karaa oo dib loo isticmaali karaa.
(2) Habka diyaarinta eebariumtitanate
① Habka adag
Bariumtitanate waxaa lagu diyaarin karaa calciningbariumcarbonate iyo titanium dioxide, kuwaas oo lagu daro karaa wax kasta oo kale.
② Habka aruurinta
Kala dirbariumchloride iyo titanium tetrachloride isku dar ah walxo siman, kuleyl ilaa 70 ° C, ka dibna ku daadi oxalic acid si aad u hesho roob biyo lehbariumtitanate [BaTiO (C2O4) 2-4H2O]. Dhaq, qalaji, ka dibna pyrolysis si aad u hesho barium titanate.
(3) Habka diyaarinta eebariumkoloriin
Habka wax soo saarka eebariumchloride inta badan waxaa ku jira habka hydrochloric acid,bariumHabka carbonate, habka chloride calcium, iyo habka magnesium chloride iyadoo loo eegayo habab kala duwan ama alaabta ceeriin.
① Habka Hydrochloric acid.
②Bariumhabka kaarboonaytiga. Laga sameeyay dhagax engegan (barium carbonate) sida alaab cayriin ah.
③ Habka Calcium chloride. Yaraynta isku dhafka barite iyo kaalshiyam chloride leh kaarboon.
Intaa waxaa dheer, waxaa jira habka magnesium chloride. Waxaa loo diyaariyay daawayntabariumsulfide leh magnesium chloride.
Waqtiga boostada: Nov-01-2023