Tirada atomikada eeElement thliumwaa 69 iyo culayskeeda atomikada waa 168.93421. Waxyaabaha ku jira qolofka dhulka ayaa ah saddex-meelood laba meelood 100000, taas oo ah waxyaabaha ugu yar ee ugu yar ee qaybaha dhulka dhif ah. Waxay inta badan ku jirtaa silica bberyllium yttrium ore, madow dhif ah dhulka da 'dahabka ah, fosfooraska ytrium ore, iyo daan-daansi. Jajabka ballaaran ee qaybaha waaweyn ee dhulka ee Monazite guud ahaan waxay gaarayaan 50%, oo leh xisaabaadka Thulium ee 0.007%. Isutagga xasilloonida dabiiciga ah waa kaliya miyir-beelka 169. si weyn loo isticmaalo ilaha tamarta xoogga aadka u sarreeya, lassas, supercompatureyaasha heerkulka, iyo meelaha kale.
Soo saarista taariikhda
Waxaa ogaadey: pt cleve
La helay sanadkii 1878
Ka dib Mossondander ka dib markii uu ka soocay Erbiium Dhulka iyo Terbium Dhulka ka socda Yttrium Dhulka ee 1842, in si loo ogaado in aysan ahayn mid aan ahayn oksijiyeyaal daahir ah oo ka mid ah element, kaas oo dhiirrigeliyay kiimikooyinka inay sii wadaan kala saaridda. Ka dib gooniytterbium okideiyoscidium okideLaga soo bilaabo Giit-ka Oxidided, Cliff ayaa kala go'ay laba oksile cusub sanadkii 1879. Mid ka mid ah ayaa loo magacaabay Thulium si uu uga xuso waddankii Goldian Jasiiradda Scanditavianka (Thulia), oo leh astaanta astaanta tu iyo hadda tm. Helitaanka Thulium iyo qaybaha kale ee dhulka ah, badhka kale ee heerka saddexaad ee heerka saddexaad ee daahfurka hilibka dhulka ee dhif ah ayaa la soo gabagabeeyey.
Qaab-dhismeedka elektaroonigga ah
Qaab-dhismeedka elektaroonigga ah
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3s2 3s2 3D10 4p6 5s 5s2 4D10 5P6 6S2 4F13 4F13 4F13
Thuliumwaa bir bir cad oo bir ah oo leh takoor waxaana lagu kala goyn karaa mindi sababtoo ah jilicsanaanta jilicsan; Barta ugu dhagan 1545 ° C, karkaraya barta 1947 ° C, cufnaanta 9.3208.
Thulium waa mid deggan hawada;Thulium Oxidewaa qolof cagaaran oo cagaaran. Cusbo (cusbo la yar) ossoctings dhammaan cagaaran oo midab leh.
Isticmaal
In kasta oo Thulium ay aad u yar tahay oo qaali tahay, weli waxay leedahay codsiyo qaar ka mid ah qaybaha gaarka ah.
Xoojinta sare ee iftiinka iftiinka
Thulium waxaa badanaa lagu soo bandhigaa ilaha ugu badan ee ilaha iftiinka ee qaabka harooyinka daahirka sare (badiyaa thalium bromium), iyada oo ujeedadu tahay in la adeegsanayo muuqaalka thulium.
Laser
Saddex yoprium aluminium Garnet (HO: CR: Youse: Yousen) waxaa lagu soo saari karaa iyadoo la adeegsanayo Thalium ion, ion ion, ion ohot ee ytrium aluminium Garnet, oo ka soo xiriiri kara mawjad ka mid ah 2097 nm; Waxaa si weyn loogu isticmaalaa millatariga, caafimaadka, iyo asaasadaado dhaqaalaha. Mii'gargu majirka laser ee uu soo gudbiyey thalium-ka huulumium aluminium Garnet (tm: yag: yag) oo ah kuwa adag ee loo yaqaan 'Pulse' oo adag oo loo yaqaan 'Pulse' oo adag oo loo yaqaan 'Pulse' oo adag Xaashida dusha sare ee unugyadu waa mid wax ku ool ah, maadaama ay ka hortegi karto xinjirowga inuu aad u qoto dheer yahay hawada iyo biyaha. Tani waxay ka dhigeysaa in thalium lesium ay leeyihiin awood weyn oo loogu talagalay arjiga qalliinka aasaasiga ah ee laser. Thulium Laser wuxuu waxtar badan ku leeyahay sagxadaha unugyada ee loo yaqaan 'Thulium' Tani waxay ka dhigeysaa in Thalium lesium ay leeyihiin awood weyn oo loogu talagalay arjiga qalliinka laser
LULULIMADA LOSER
Isha raaxada
In kasta oo ay tahay qiimaha sare, aaladaha raajada ee la qaadan karo oo ay kujiraan thalium-ka ayaa bilaabay in si weyn loogu isticmaalo ilo-celinta shucaaca ee falcelinta nuktarka. Ilahaasi shucaaca waxay leeyihiin nolol-toban sano oo ku dhawaad hal sano waxaana loo isticmaali karaa aalad caafimaad oo caafimaad iyo ilkaha, iyo sidoo kale aaladaha ogaanshaha ee qaybaha farsamada ee qaybaha farsamada iyo elektiroonigga ah ee ay adag tahay in lala gaaro awood-siinta. Ilahaasi shucaaca uma baahna difaac shucaac ah oo muhiim ah - kaliya qadar yar oo rasaas ah ayaa loo baahan yahay. Codsiga Thulium 170 markii ay tahay isha shucaaca ee daaweynta ugu badan ee daaweynta kansarka ayaa sii kordheysa faafa. Isotope-kaan wuxuu leeyahay badh-nololeed oo ah 128.6 maalmood iyo shan khad oo ka jaban oo xoog badan (7.4, 51.354, 52.3.3.4, iyo 84.253 Volts). Thulium 170 sidoo kale waa mid ka mid ah afarta ilo-ka-dhexgalka ee farta ee loo isticmaalo ee warshadaha.
Qalabka heerkulka sare ee heerkulka sare
La mid ah ytrium, thalium waxaa sidoo kale loo isticmaalaa sicir-barar-heer sare ah. Thulium wuxuu awood u leeyahay inuu isticmaalo qiimaha Ferrite oo ah maaddada magnete mabletic oo dhoobada lagu isticmaalo qalabka microwave. Sababo la xiriira muuqaalkeeda gaarka ah, Thulium waxaa lagu dabaqi karaa nalalka laambada ee arc sida scandium-ka, iyo iftiinka cagaaran ee ay soo saareen laambada aRC iyadoo la adeegsanayo Thalium-ka ma dabooli doono khadadka goynta ee walxaha kale. Awoodda ay u leedahay in lagu soo qaado ifafaale buluug ah oo hoos yimaada shucaaca ultraviolet, thalium waxaa sidoo kale loo isticmaalaa mid ka mid ah astaamaha ka hortagga waxyaabaha ka soo horjeedda ee waraaqaha Euro. Fluorescescence-ka buluugga ah ee uu soo saaray kaalshiyamka Salculfate ee kaniisada ayaa lagu daray Thulium waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu isticmaalo dosimetry shaqsiyeed ee loo adeegsado shucaaca shucaaca.
Codsiyada kale
Sababo la xiriira muuqaalkeeda gaarka ah, Thulium waxaa lagu dabaqi karaa nalalka laambada ee ARC sida scandium, oo iftiinka cagaaran ee ay soo saareen laambadaha aRC ee ay ka kooban tahay thalium-ka ma dabooli doono khadadka goynta ee walxaha kale.
Thulium wuxuu ku dhacaa falaacadaha buluuga ah ee shucaaca ultraviolet, taasoo ka dhigeysa mid ka mid ah astaamaha ka hortagga kuwa wax looga sheegi karo ee waraaqaha Euro.
Euro hoosta UV Haragaadeynta, oo leh calaamado ka hortag ah oo looga hortago oo la arki karo
Waqtiga Post: Aug-25-2023